Sectional water-heater



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

L. 3., (1.0. 85 J. J. BLAOKMORE. SEGTIONAL WATER HEATER.

No. 462,683. Patented Nov. 10, 1891 In (ran/0 r Q WWW 6mm W, azz v.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

L. 1%., G. G. & J. J. BLAGKMORE. SEGTIONAL WATER HEATER.

No. 462,683. Patented Nov. 10,1891.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LAlVRENOE R. BLACKMORE, GEORGE C. BLACKMORE, AND JOSEPH J. BLAGKMORE, OF NEVARK, NElV JERSEY.

SECTIONAL WATER-HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 462,683, dated November 10, 1891.

Application filed February 10,1891. Serial No. 380,870. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, LAWRENCE R. BLACK- MORE and GEORGE O. BLACKMORE, citizens of the United States, and JOSEPH J. BLACK- MORE, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, all residing at Newark, Essex county, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sectional \Vater- Heaters, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to that class of heating-boilers formed in sections consisting in hollow castings and used in the heating of buildings by means of radiators.

The object of the invention is to furnish a cheap and elfective means of constructing such a boiler in horizontal sections with the water circulated in narrow channels, and providing especially for the heating of the top section to deliver the water therefrom at a high temperature.

It also includes the provision of a returnflue through all the horizontal sections to discharge the heated gases from the bottom thereof when the boiler is in operation and of means for furnishing a direct draft to the chimney when starting the fire, with provision for utilizing the heat of the gases at such time.

The invention also includes means for connecting the alternate pairs of horizontal sections by a coupling-thimblc at a horizontal joint near the margin, which joint is completed before the boiler is erected, such pairs of sections being connected to one another and also to a water'leg fire-box by central screwed thimbles, which are easily applied to make the joint at any place where the boiler is erected for use.

The invention will be understood by'reference to the annexed drawings, in which Figure 1 is a plan of the completed boiler; Fig. 2, a front elevation of the same, with one of the cleaning-doors removed; Fig 3, a plan of the fire-box section; Fig. 4, a vertical section on line 00 as in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on line .2 a in. Fig. 6, and Fig. 6 a sectional view of the dome-section and the two horizontal sections below the same on line y y in Fig. 5.

The boiler is shown with a combined ash-pit and fire-box section A and superposed horizontal sections B, O, D, E, and F. The section A is provided with fuel-doorA, ash-door A and grate A, inserted between the doors A and A The ash-pit is shown of octagon form externally in Fig. 3 to form a base to the boiler. The firebox is surrounded by a continuous water-leg a, and its top is formed with a centralchamber a, connected with the water-leg a by water-tubes a Perforations a discharge the gases upward, and a thimble e connects the chamber a with the center of the adjacent section B. The sections 13, O, D, and E are circular and formed each with a central water hub or chamber 1) and a lateral hub or chamber g. These chambers in each section are connected by helical watertubes 0, separated by vertical smoke-passages 0, which are arranged vertically over one another in the entire boiler. Such sections are formed by casting all in one piece, and a space adjoining the hubs b and g is left open through each section to form a return-fine p for a downward draft. An annular water-tube f around the margin of the section connects at both ends with the chamber 9 and serves to form a water-j acket around the exterior of the boiler in great part. The alternate sections are connected at the center chambers and the intermediate sections at the side chambers g, as indicated in Figs. 4 and 6, by which constructionthewaterrisingfromthechamber a over the fire-box is compelled to flow from the chamber 1) in the section B through the water-tubes c in that section to the lateral chamber in the same section, whence it is discharged to the lateral chamber in the section 0. In this section the water passes from the lateral chamber 9 through the tubes 0 to the central chamber 1), from whence it passes to the central chamber in the section D. The water in this section, as in section B, traverses the tubes 0 to reach the lateral chamber g, from which it passes into the section E and thence through the water-tubes and central chamber 1) into the top section or dome F. The dome is formed with a top water-space m, with a depending water-legl and a central hub it, connecting with the chamber Z). To drain the water-leg Zawater-tube Z (shown chamber where they discharge the water to the section above. Thus in Fig. 6 the tubes in the section E are shown sloping upwardly to their point of connection with the central chamber 1), into which they discharge the fluid to enter the dome section F above; but in the section D the tubes are shown sloping upward from the central chamber 1), as they would lead the water from such chamber to the lateral chamber g in the same section D. The passage of the water from and through the chambers is indicated by arrows in Figs. 4 and 6, and arrows are also shown in Fig. 5 to indicate the movement of the fluid in the section D from the central chamber b to the lateral chamber g.

To clean out the dilferent smoke-passages in the boiler, openings 0' are formed through the shell of the sections B to D and covered with doors 0 Through such openings the hand or a brush may be introduced to remove the soot wherever it is deposited. The vertical openings 0 between the tubes 0 permit the passage of the smoke freely to the annu lar smoke-space it around the hub n within the dome-section F. The inner smoke-space 0 around the hub I) is separated from the downward flue p by a partition 0, and the smoke entering the dome is thus compelled to pass downward through the passage p in all the sections to the section B. At this point an opening 0" is formed through the side of the section B to discharge the gases when the boiler is in operation to an external smoke-jacket J. Collars q and q are shown upon the side and top of the jacket J to permit the connection of the same with a chimney in the most convenient manner. The collar not used is closed by a cap (1 To secure a direct draft to the chimney when kindling the fire in the section A, the downward flue p is placed over one of the perforations or openings a of the fire-box, and an aperture 7' is formed through the waterleg I in the dome-sectionF into the upper part of the jacket J. A hinged damper s is applied over such opening a and connected by a chain witha damper .9, applied over the opening 0, and the latter damper is provided with a handle 8 extended outside of the jacket, as shown in Fig. 5, by which both dampers may be opened simultaneously into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4. Then thus opened, a direct passage from the dome F to the smoke-jacket is formed through the aperture 7", and a passage is also formed from the fire-box to the dome for the upward movement of the gases through the flue p.

The dampers s s in Fig. 4 are shown in their closed position in full lines as they would be adjusted to produce a downward draft, as indicated by the arrows 'v in the figure. It is obvious that a direct draft from the dome to the chimney would be secured by opening the damper s only; but the connection of the damper therewith so as to open both at once furnishes a passage for the gases upward through the line]; during the kindling of the fire, and thus exposes the water in the vicinity of such flue'to the heat and warms all portions of the boiler more equally. It is not, therefore, essential that the damper 3 should be provided, but the aperture a beneath the flue 19 may be permanently closed. The top of the dome is shown provided with water-outlets K, and water-inlets L are shown connected with the base of the-fire-box to receive the return fluid from the radiators; and

feed-water may be also introduced through such pipes when required.

In constructing such boiler the several sections A to F, inclusive, would each be cast separately in one piece. The sections B and 0 would be connected by a threaded thimble e, screwed into theadjacent faces of the water-chambers g, as shown in Fig. 6. The sections D and E would then be similarly united, and threaded apertures would be formed upon the chambers b at the centers of each of the sections and in the top side of the chamber 0. upon the fire-box A. The marginal joint f (see Fig. 6) to confine the smoke within the shell of the boiler, would be formed by calking suitable cement into the joint between flanges upon such sections as are secured by the thimbles e, and thejoint between the sections united by central thi mbles would be closed by external annular flanges f (Shown in Figs. 2 and 4:.) The only joints remaining between the sections would then ICC exist at the center of the boiler, and the boiler would be reduced to four pieces, requiring three joints only to unite them. The four pieces would then be ready for shipment and could be readily secured together by inserting the thimbles e in the central apertures and turning the sections one upon another to screw them up to a water-tight joint. The casing J would be made separately, as is common in such constructions, and be secured in place by any suitable means.

The construction of the fire-box with a water-leg a connected directly to a central chamber by the water-tubes a furnishes a very cheap construction, and one in which the water not only circulates freely from the bottom toward the chamber a at the top, but one in which the labor required to connect it with the superposed sections is reduced to a minimum by the use of the single thimble e. In like manner the connections between the other sections is exceedingly cheap and simple, being reduced to the single thimble e or 6, while the circulation through all the dif ferent water-sections and water-tubes in the boiler is positive and is compelled to traverse the required course to reach the dom'e-section F.

By forming the ash-pit and fire-box all in ITS one piece a very cheap construction is se-' cured, While the extension of the water-leg around the ash-pit utilizes the heat in the ashes as well as in the burning fuel, and by supplying the feed-water to the bottom of such water-leg it is heated gradually before it enters the hotter portion above.

By conveying the water from the fire-box section to the superposed sections through the central chamber C66 all the water that enters the boiler is compelled to pass through the water-tubes a which, with the central chamber, are exposed to the greatest heat in the fire-box, and the water is thus heated most efficiently.

The helical arrangement of the tubes 0 in the separate water-sections is especially advantageous to promote a free circulation through the several sections, as the water is conducted gradually outward from the central hub 12 to the lateral hub g, and the movement of the water within the boiler is thus more quiet and free from frictional resistance than where all the different chambers within the boiler are connected by passages at right angles to one another.

As the sections I3 to E, inclusive, are perforated by the direct vertical smoke-passages o, the gases reach the chamber n within the dome-section in a highly-heated condition, and the annular chamber at therefore operates as a comb ustion-chamber, where the combustion of the gases is completed. The combustion in such chamber renders the dome one of the hottest portions of the boiler and the Water is therefore delivered from such section in a highly-heated condition.

The provision of the downward-draft fine 1) prevents the discharge of the gases from the boiler in a highly-heated state and holds them in contact with the heating-surfaces adjacent to such flue until they are discharged through the aperture r to the smoke-jacket.

It will be noticed in Figs. 4 and 6 that the joints in which the thimbles e and e are illserted are entirely concealed from the exterior of the boiler, as the margin of each section is formed with a sufficient annular flange to bring the horizontal edges of the sections into contact. The exterior of the boiler therefore presents a much neater and more finished appearance than when the water connections are formed with packed joints and the sections bolted together through exte rior lugs. Such lugs are often projected from the sides or corners of a heating-boiler and greatly mar its outward appearance. It will also be noticed by'reference to Fig. 5 that by the helical arrangement of the tubes 0, which are led outwardly from a central water-hub to a hub at the margin of the section, a space is afforded adjacent to the two hubs for the return-flue 17. A return-flue is thus secured inside the section without marring its external circular form.

It is obvious that the boiler may be made of greater or less capacity by using a greater or less number of the water-sections intermediate to the fire-box and dome without departing from our invention.

Having thus set forth the nature of the invention, what is claimed herein is 1. In a sectional cast-iron boiler, a horizontal section having the central water-chamber I), the lateral chamber 9, and the helical tubes 0, connecting the two chambers, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A circular section for a horizontal sectional boiler having the central water-chamber Z), the lateral chamber g, the helical tubes 0, connecting the two chambers, and the smoke-flue 19, adjacent to the chamber g, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. A circular section for a horizontal sectional boiler having the central water-chamber b, the lateral chamber g,the helical tubes 0, connecting the two chambers, apertures for thimbles upon opposite sides of the two chambers, and annular flanges at the margin of the sections to conceal the thimble-joints from view, substantially as herein set forth.

4. In a horizontal sectional boiler, a series of horizontal sections having each the central water-chamber b, the lateral chamber g, and the helical tubes 0, connecting the two chambers, the sections being connected together by thimbles in pairs alternately at the chambers b and g, and the openings 0 between the tubes 0 being arranged vertically in line with one another to facilitate the upward movement of the gases, as set forth.

5. In a heating-boiler formed of horizontal sections, the combination, with a suitable fireboX section and dome-section, of a series of intermediate sections constructed each with the central water-chamber b and the lateral water-chamber g and provided with the watertubes 0, connecting such chambers, as described, and the sections being connected together in pairs alternately at the chambers b and g, and the series connected at the center to the fire-box and dome sections, substantially as herein set forth.

6. In aheating-boiler, the combination, with the fire-box section having the central chamber a, with apertures a around the same for the passage of the smoke, of a series of horizontal sections united together and perforated for the direct passage of the smoke and pro vided each at one side with a downward-draft flue over one of the apertures a, a don1e-section having the annular combustion-chamber n' and lateral aperture '7, the aperture 9" from the bottom of the downward flue to.the exterior of the boiler, a smoke-jacket'J, connecting the apertures r 0", and the dampers s 8, connected together and adapted to open simultaneously the aperture from tho fire-box into the downward-draft fine, and the aperture r at the top of the same, as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a heating-boiler formed of horizontal sections and provided with upward smoke- In testimony whereof We have hereunto set passages and a downward-draft fiue within our hands in the presence of two subscribing the sections, apertures extending from the witnesses.

top and bottom of the downward-draft fine 5 through the exterior of the sections, a jacket J, conn cting the said apertures, and the JO$EPH J ACKMORE smoke-pipe collars q q, provided upon the J side and top of the jacket to connect the Vitnesses:

same at pleasure laterally or vertically With THOs. S. CRANE, 10 a smoke-pipe, as and for the purpose set forth. HENRY J. MILLER. 

